SSブログ

Material price and basic knowledge of cemented carbide rods [CNC Carbide Inserts]

Cemented carbide is the most widely used type of high-speed machining (HSM) tool material. This type of material is produced by powder metallurgy. It consists of hard carbide (usually tungsten carbide WC) particles and a softer metal bond composition.At present, there are hundreds of WC-based cemented carbides with different compositions. Most of them use cobalt (Co) as a binder. Nickel (Ni) and chromium (Cr) are also commonly used binder elements, and other elements can be added. Some alloying elements.

(1) Simple cemented carbide grades

Such grades used for metal cutting usually contain 3%-12% cobalt (weight ratio).The size range of tungsten carbide grains is usually between 1-8m.Like other grades, reducing the particle size of tungsten carbide can increase its hardness and transverse rupture strength (TRS), but it will reduce its toughness..The hardness of simple grades is usually 89 to 93.Between 5HRA; the transverse rupture strength is usually 1.2-2.Between 4MPa (175-350ksi).The powder of this type may contain a large amount of recycled raw materials.

Simple grades can be classified into C1-C4 in the C grade system, and can be classified according to the K, N, S and H grade series in the ISO grade system.Simple grades with intermediate characteristics can be classified as general grades (such as C2 or K20), which can be used for turning, milling, planing and wok processing; grades with smaller grain size or lower cobalt content and higher hardness can be used Classify as finishing grades (such as C4 or K01); grades with larger grain size or higher cobalt content and better toughness can be classified as roughing grades (such as C1 or K30).

Tools made with simplex grades can be used for cutting cast iron, 200 and 300 series stainless steel, aluminum and other non-ferrous metals, high temperature alloys and hardened steel.Such grades can also be used in non-metal cutting fields (such as rock and geological drilling tools), and the grain size of these grades is in the range of 1.5-10m (or larger), cobalt content is 6%-16%.Another non-metal cutting application of simple cemented carbide grades is to make dies and punches. These grades usually have a medium-sized grain size with a cobalt content of 16% to 30%..

(2) Microcrystalline cemented carbide grades

Such grades usually contain 6% to 15% cobalt.During liquid phase sintering, the added vanadium carbide and/or chromium carbide can control the growth of grains, thereby obtaining a fine grain structure with a grain size of less than 1m.This fine grain grade has very high hardness and 3.Transverse breaking strength above 45MPa (500ksi).The combination of high strength and sufficient toughness enables such brands of tools to adopt a larger positive rake angle, which can reduce cutting force and produce thinner chips by cutting rather than pushing metal materials.

Through strict quality identification of various raw materials in the production of grade cemented carbide powder, and strict control of sintering process conditions to prevent the formation of abnormal large grains in the microstructure of the material, appropriate Material properties.In order to keep the grain size small and uniform, the recycled recycled powder can only be used when the raw materials and recycling process can be fully controlled, and extensive quality inspections are implemented..

Microcrystalline grades can be classified according to the M grade series in the ISO grade system. In addition, the other classification methods in the C grade system and the ISO grade system are the same as the simple grades..Microcrystalline grades can be used to manufacture tools for cutting softer workpiece materials, because the surface of this tool can be processed very smoothly and can maintain extremely sharp cutting edges.

Microcrystalline tools can also be used to process nickel-based super alloys, because this tool can withstand cutting temperatures as high as 1200C.For the processing of high-temperature alloys and other special materials, the use of microcrystalline brand tools and ruthenium-containing pure brand tools can simultaneously improve its wear resistance, deformation resistance and toughness.Microcrystalline grades are trapped and combined to manufacture rotating tools (such as drills) that generate shear stress.There is a drill bit made of composite grades of cemented carbide. The cobalt content in the material is different in a specific part of the same drill bits, so that the hardness and toughness of the drill bit are optimized according to the processing needs..

(3) Alloy type cemented carbide grades

This type of grade is mainly used for cutting steel parts, and its cobalt content is usually 5% to 10%, and the grain size range is 0.8-2m .By adding 4% to 25% of titanium carbide (TiC), the tendency of tungsten carbide (WC) to diffuse to the surface of steel chips can be reduced.By adding no more than 25% of tantalum carbide (TaC) and nickel carbide (NbC), the strength, crater resistance and thermal shock resistance of the tool can be improved.Adding such cubic carbides can also improve the red hardness of the tool, and help avoid thermal deformation of the tool in heavy cutting or other machining where the cutting edge will generate high temperatures..In addition, titanium carbide can provide nucleation sites during the sintering process to improve the uniformity of cubic carbide distribution in the workpiece.

Generally speaking, the hardness range of alloy type cemented carbide grades is 91-94HRA, and the transverse fracture strength is 1-2KPa (150-300ksi).Compared with simple grades, alloy grades have poorer wear resistance and lower strength, but they have better bond wear resistance..Alloy type grades can be classified into C5-C8 in the C grade system, and can be classified according to the P and M grade series in the ISO grade system.Alloy grades with intermediate characteristics can be classified as general grades (such as C6 or P30), which can be used for turning, tapping, planing and milling.The grades with the highest hardness can be classified as finishing grades (such as C8 and P01) for finishing turning and key cutting.These grades usually have smaller grain size and lower cobalt content to obtain the required hardness and wear resistance.However, similar material properties can be obtained by adding more cubic carbides.The toughest grades can be classified as roughing grades (such as C5 or P50).These grades usually have a medium particle size and a high cobalt content, and the addition of cubic carbides is also small, in order to obtain the required toughness by suppressing crack propagation.In intermittent turning, the cutting performance can be further improved by using the cobalt-rich grades with higher cobalt content on the tool surface..

Alloy grades with lower tungsten carbide rods content are used for cutting stainless steel and malleable cast iron, but can also be used for processing non-ferrous metals (such as nickel-based super alloys).The grain size of these grades is usually less than 1m, and the cobalt content is 8%-12%.Grades with higher hardness (such as M10) can be used for turning and machining malleable cast iron; grades with better toughness (such as M40) can be used for milling and planing steel, or for turning stainless steel or super alloys.

Alloy-type cemented carbide grades can also be used for non-metal cutting purposes, mainly for the manufacture of wear-resistant parts.The grain size of these grades is usually 1.2-2m, cobalt content is 7%-10%.In the production of these grades, a large proportion of recycled raw materials are usually added to obtain higher cost-effectiveness in the application of wear-resistant parts.Wear-resistant parts need to have high corrosion resistance and high hardness. When producing such grades, these properties can be obtained by adding nickel and chromium carbide.

In order to meet the dual requirements of tool manufacturers in terms of technology and economy, cemented carbide powder is a key element.The powder material designed for the processing equipment and process parameters of the tool manufacturer can ensure the performance of the finished workpiece and lead to the appearance of hundreds of cemented carbide grades.The recyclable characteristics of cemented carbide materials and the ability to directly cooperate with powder suppliers enable tool manufacturers to effectively control their product quality and material costs.

nice!(0)  コメント(1) 

nice! 0

コメント 1

お名前(必須)

https://blogs.bu.edu/hogan/?p=125&cpage=56#comment-575798

https://www.discogs.com/user/Daddy20

https://www.discogs.com/artist/190684-Jay-Z-2

https://afrobeatz.contently.com/

https://www.atlasobscura.com/users/92d8ee4b-c948-4ebd-a460-3b0c88b04a85

https://is.gd/A5258O

https://www.stockvault.net/user/profile/186926

https://camp-fire.jp/profile/Afrobeatzs321

http://websites.milonic.com/9jabestprice.com

http://websites.milonic.com/afrobeatzs.com

http://websites.milonic.com/everythingprice.com

http://www.myfav.es/afrobeatzs123

https://www.stockvault.net/user/profile/186511

http://websites.milonic.com/everythingprice.com

https://triberr.com/Dadaafrobeatz

https://wordpress.org/support/users/dadaafrobeatzs/

https://profiles.wordpress.org/dadaafrobeatzs/profile/

https://buddypress.org/users/dadaafrobeatzs/

https://myopportunity.com/profile/dada-afribeats/nw

https://www.walkscore.com/people/927268072837/walk-score-user

https://www.sitelike.org/similar/everythingprice.com/

https://www.sitelike.org/similar/infocity.com.ng/

https://www.sitelike.org/similar/afrobeatzs.com/

https://www.intensedebate.com/people/afrobeatzs12

https://www.quia.com/profiles/afrob

https://visual.ly/users/daddy20da/

https://cults3d.com/en/users/daddy20daq

https://is.gd/X8oIqG

https://is.gd/4MqF03

https://is.gd/RRu8ka

https://www.justgiving.com/crowdfunding/dada-afrobeatz?utm_term=JgDqVjW6D

https://ello.co/dadabeatz

https://myanimelist.net/profile/daddyafrobeatz

https://social.msdn.microsoft.com/Profile/Afrobeatz

https://social.msdn.microsoft.com/profile/everythingprice/

https://bandcamp.com/dadaafrobeatz

https://pastebin.com/u/Afrobeatz112

https://about.me/afrobeatz1

https://www.blogger.com/profile/09794542768395540516

https://www.bibsonomy.org/user/dadaafrobeatz

https://brandnewblogs.com/?domain=afrobeatzs.com

http://www.siteworthcalculators.com/afrobeatzs.com

https://linktr.ee/afrobeatzs

https://www.mifare.net/support/forum/users/afrobeatzs321/

https://www.behance.net/daddyafrobeatz

https://www.longisland.com/profile/Afrobeatz12

https://www.mifare.net/support/forum/users/correctbase/

https://worldcosplay.net/member/1101489

https://forum.reallusion.com/Users/3063258/daddy20da

https://www.reverbnation.com/afrobeatzs

https://www.reverbnation.com/show/25825827?id_unique=artist_8263797

https://www.last.fm/user/dadaafrobeatz

https://lhub.to/Afrobeatz

https://litelink.at/afrobeatzs

https://heylink.me/daddy4/

https://urlt.bio/afrobeatz

https://pbase.com/afrobeatzs

https://www.directorysiteslist.com/search/rich-and-pure-lotion

https://www.websiteperu.com/search/rich-and-pure-lotion

https://www.link-de.com/search/rich-and-pure-lotion

https://www.freedirectorysite.com/search/rich-and-pure-lotion

https://www.sitesinformation.com/site/everythingprice.com

https://www.sitesinformation.com/search/rich-and-pure-lotion

https://www.addbloglink.com/seeking/rich-and-pure-lotion

https://godotengine.org/qa/user/Afrobeatz123

https://profile.hatena.ne.jp/afrobeatz123/profile

https://500px.com/p/daddy20da/

https://www.webwiki.co.uk/Afrobeatzs.com

https://www.webwiki.co.uk/everythingprice.com

https://rb.gy/wbjlnd

https://rb.gy/ffuocc

http://wikimapia.org/external_link?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.afrobeatzs.com

http://wikimapia.org/external_link?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.infocity.com.ng

https://my.archdaily.com/us/@daddy-1

https://telegra.ph/Latest-news-updates-11-16

https://www.websitekeywordchecker.com/site/everythingprice.com

https://www.websitekeywordchecker.com/site/afrobeatzs.com

https://myspace.com/afrobeatz11/

https://www.mojomarketplace.com/user/Afrobeatsz-tdocuLfniS

https://site-9646459-5193-8153.mystrikingly.com/

https://site-9646459-5193-8153.mystrikingly.com/blog/history-in-page

https://site-9646459-5193-8153.mystrikingly.com/blog/in-her-most-recent-image-beauty-tukura-demonstrated-that-she-understood-the

https://site-9646459-5193-8153.mystrikingly.com/blog/2022-ama-awards-winners-wizkid-tems-see-complete-winners-list

https://site-9646459-5193-8153.mystrikingly.com/blog/5-nigerian-slang-terms-with-distinct-international-connotations

https://site-9646459-5193-8153.mystrikingly.com/blog/add-gender-flexibility-is-exhibited-by-young-nigerians-at-every-fashion-show
by お名前(必須) (2023-01-08 13:18) 

コメントを書く

お名前:
URL:
コメント:
画像認証:
下の画像に表示されている文字を入力してください。